The Blue Spot Synspilum is a commonly used nickname for the Vieja melanura, a species of cichlid fish popular in the aquarium hobby. Here’s some detailed information about it:
 
General Information:
 
    •    Scientific Name: Vieja melanura
    •    Common Names: Blue Spot Synspilum, Synspilum Cichlid, Quetzal Cichlid
    •    Family: Cichlidae
    •    Native Range: Found in Central America, particularly in rivers and lakes of Mexico, Belize, and Guatemala.
 
Appearance:
 
    •    Vieja melanura is known for its vibrant, colorful appearance. Adult fish display:
    •    A mix of iridescent blue spots and red or orange hues.
    •    Black blotches running along their body, which vary in size and intensity.
    •    A metallic sheen, especially in well-cared-for specimens.
    •    Juveniles often have more subdued colors, which intensify as they mature.
 
Size:
 
    •    They can grow quite large, reaching up to 12–14 inches (30–35 cm) in length, making them suitable only for spacious aquariums.
 
Habitat & Tank Requirements:
 
    •    Tank Size: Minimum 100 gallons (375 liters) for a single adult; larger if kept with tankmates.
    •    Water Conditions:
    •    Temperature: 24–28°C (75–82°F)
    •    pH: 6.5–8.0
    •    Hardness: Moderate to hard
    •    Provide plenty of hiding spots with driftwood, rocks, and plants (although they may uproot vegetation).
    •    A sandy substrate is ideal, as they enjoy digging.
 
Behavior:
 
    •    Semi-aggressive and territorial, especially during breeding. They can coexist with other robust Central or South American cichlids if given enough space.
    •    Active and curious, often interacting with their surroundings and their owner.
 
Diet:
 
    •    Omnivorous; their diet should include:
    •    High-quality cichlid pellets
    •    Fresh or frozen foods like bloodworms, brine shrimp, or chopped vegetables (like zucchini or spinach)
    •    Occasional treats like live foods or insects.
 
Breeding:
 
    •    They are substrate spawners and will lay eggs on flat surfaces like rocks.
    •    Breeding pairs are very protective of their offspring, so careful tank planning is required.
 
This cichlid is a rewarding species for advanced aquarists who can accommodate its size and temperament. Let me know if you’d like more details!